Flashpoints

To add spice or challenge to the role-play, partway through the discussion throw in one of the following flashpoints—additional hypothetical developments that fit within the case’s existing decision point—or create your own.

1. In response to international and domestic outcries against excessive use of force, harsh sentencing and reports of abuse in prison against members of the opposition, King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa announces plans for an independent commission to investigate the Bahraini criminal justice system and recommend potential reforms. Details on the organizers of the independent investigation have not been released. Leaders of the Bahraini opposition have expressed their concerns about the legitimacy and transparency of this independent commission.
2. Reports emerge that a Bahrani court has overturned Bahrain’s previous decision to dissolve al Wefaq. King Hamad claims this decision to be “a step towards unification and reform.” The opposition claims his decision as a tool to divert international criticism. Some analysts have raised concerns that the decision could spark violent backlash from the opposition.
3. In a blistering speech, a prominent Iranian cleric castigates the Bahraini monarchy for what he calls its “long-standing subjugation and cold-blooded murder of our Shia brothers and sisters.” According to Iranian media, the cleric is speaking with the support of Iran’s senior leadership. He calls for the Iranian government to take action in support of Bahraini Shias, using force if necessary. Bahraini leaders quickly condemn the speech and raise the alert status of their security forces. The principal Bahraini opposition figures do not immediately react.

After introducing a flashpoint, you might want to help students refocus their discussion by considering critical questions such as these:

1. Who is affected by this event or development, and how?
2. Is there any uncertainty about what has taken place? How credible is the report?
3. Does this event or development affect the feasibility of any policy options? If so, how?
4. Does this event or development affect the desirability of any policy options? If so, how?