Introduction

Welcome to Regions of the World, a CFR Education resource exploring that explores many of the major trends and stories taking place in the world today.

The resource is divided into Learning Journeys, each centered around a different geographical region and the crucial events, relationships, and trends that shape it. They will help you gain a better understanding of some of the defining features of each region, and how they influence events across the globe.

The Middle East and North Africa

This Learning Journey will cover the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a region that encompasses twenty countries spanning from Morocco to Iran. 

This vast region has a rich history. It was the home of several great civilizations, a site of scientific and cultural achievement, and the birthplace of major religions. Throughout the twentieth century, the region was shaped by European colonial control and, later, Cold War competition. Today, the region faces several challenges, including conflict, repressive governments, calls for reform, geopolitical rivalries, and the effects of foreign interventions—which continue to shape local and regional politics.

The region is one of economic contrasts. Some countries command enormous wealth, while other economies have suffered from inflation, unemployment, and instability. Economies shaped by vast reserves of oil have sought to branch out, delving into sectors like technology, construction, and transportation.

The MENA region is home to vibrant cultures, too. Its societies have been shaped by the region’s significance to several major religions. Meanwhile, old norms are changing, as people challenge restrictive social rules and gender disparities. And as economies develop and diversify, films and high-profile events in sports and entertainment continue to draw global attention.

Continue through this learning journey to further explore this vast and dynamic region.