

The Senate convened a special committee to investigate abuses by the CIA, FBI, National Security Agency (NSA), and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The committee was tasked with unearthing information regarding unlawful domestic surveillance operations carried out by the intelligence community. The Church Committee—chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church—issued its eye-opening final report in April 1976. The Church Committee exposed an even farther-reaching network of politically motivated intelligence operations taken against U.S. citizens. That same year, Attorney General Edward Levi created guidelines for government agencies, including rules that limited the FBI’s ability to gather domestic political intelligence. However, subsequent attorneys general significantly weakened these guidelines to today’s standard; it is once again easier for the FBI to surveil and investigate American citizens; such monitoring can occur even without clear proof of criminal activity.